What type of operation is characterized by pursuing a retreating enemy?

The type of operation characterized by pursuing a retreating enemy is a pursuit. In military operations, a pursuit is executed to maintain pressure on a retreating force, to prevent them from regrouping and allowing for the opportunity to destroy or capture enemy forces. This type of operation is focused on closing the distance with an enemy that is trying to vacate the battlefield, often involving fast-moving units that leverage speed and shock action to disrupt the enemy's withdrawal.

Pursuit operations are typically initiated after a successful offensive action that has forced the enemy to retreat and are essential for maximizing the momentum gained in previous engagements. The goal is to exploit the enemy's disarray and inability to effectively coordinate their retreat, thereby enhancing the chances of a decisive victory.

In contrast, defense operations focus on holding positions and repelling enemy attacks, while exploitation involves taking advantage of a breach in enemy lines to strike deep into their rear areas. An attack, on the other hand, is more general and does not specifically refer to the act of pursuing an enemy; instead, it might involve directly engaging enemy forces without the element of retreat.