What is one of the types of defensive operations?

One of the primary types of defensive operations is the retrograde operation. This type of operation involves the withdrawal of forces to preserve combat power in the face of enemy advances, allowing for a decision on when to re-engage or regroup. It is characterized by strategic movement away from the enemy, often conducted in a controlled manner to avoid unnecessary losses while still retaining the ability to conduct future operations.

Retrograde operations can take various forms, including withdrawal, delaying actions, and even retirement where units maneuver to secure better defensive positions. These operations are essential for maintaining the operational initiative and can be part of a larger defensive strategy where forces need to transition to a more favorable location or condition.

In contrast, the other choices do not specifically pertain to types of defensive operations. Conventional operations typically refer to broader military tactics and strategies rather than a specific defensive method. Surprise attack usually describes an offensive tactic aimed at catching the enemy off guard, while counteroffensive focuses on the transition from defense to offense, aiming to take the initiative away from the enemy. Therefore, retrograde stands out as a distinct category within defensive operations, relevant for maintaining force effectiveness and operational flexibility.